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In the 1930s, Muhammad formally established the Nation of Islam, a religious movement that originated under the leadership and teachings of Wallace Fard Muhammad and that promoted black power, pride, economic empowerment, and racial separation. Elijah Muhammad taught that Master Fard Muhammad is the 'Son of Man' of the Bible, and after Fard's ...
The conversion of Malik el-Shabazz (better known as Malcolm X) in 1964 is widely regarded as the turning point for the spread of orthodox Sunni Islam among Black American Muslims. Encouraged to learn about Sunni Islam after his departure from the Nation of Islam, he converted; others from the Nation of Islam soon followed.
Women played a minor role during the third wave, which occurred during the late 1960s and early 1970s. KKK members consisted largely of men living in the rural South who had little formal education or money. Much of their violence was aimed at African Americans. [3] Women no longer played a prominent role as they were integrated into the Ku ...
1920: Ottoman Sultan Mehmed VI signs the Treaty of Sèvres, reducing the Empire to a fraction of its previous size and allowing for the indefinite presence of Allied forces in Turkey. The treaty is rejected by nationalist leaders, who vow to block its implementation. 1920: Emirate of Bukhara and Khanate of Khiva conquered by Bolshevik Russia.
Though Islamists draw on work of early/medieval Islamic scholars (mentioned above), the roots of Islamist movements are found in the late 19th century when "the Islamic world grappled simultaneously with increased engagement with modernity and the ideas of Enlightenment, on the one hand, and with its own decline in the face of Western ...
The Nation of Islam (NOI) is a new religious movement, [2] a black nationalist religion, [3] and an African-American religion. [4] As well as being characterised as an "ethno-religious movement", [5] it has been labelled a social movement. [6]
Black gangs were created as protection against white violence. They first arose on the Eastside of LA before extending south and west. [7] Eventually, white residents began moving out of South Los Angeles into the suburbs. In the early 1960s, Black gang violence continued to grow as whites left the area.
Islamist political activist [101] Marjane Satrapi: France, Iran: 1969 – comic artist [102] Shamima Shaikh: South Africa: 1960: 1998: South African activist, member of the Muslim Youth Movement of South Africa, proponent of Islamic gender equality [103] Shahla Sherkat: Iran: 1956 – journalist: Nasrin Sotoudeh: Iran: 1963 – human rights ...