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Ethernet over fiber is a networking technology that delivers Ethernet bandwidth ranging up to 400 Gbit/s using optical fiber lines. Such wired transmission methods extend connectivity over long distances up to 200 km, support higher bitrates and provide far greater immunity from electromagnetic interference (EMI) than electrical connections.
A fiber media converter is a simple networking device that makes it possible to connect two dissimilar media types such as twisted pair with fiber optic cabling. They were introduced to the industry in the 1990s, and are important in interconnecting fiber optic cabling-based systems with existing copper-based structured cabling systems.
An Ethernet extender (also network extender or LAN extender) is any device used to extend an Ethernet or network segment beyond its inherent distance limitation which is approximately 100 metres (330 ft) for most common forms of twisted pair Ethernet. These devices employ a variety of transmission technologies and physical media (wireless ...
Typically, an ONT connects via a fiber-optic cable to an OLT to complete a connection. An ONT can work in Single Family Unit/SFU mode (modem/bridge) or Home Gateway Unit/HGU mode (router). In passive optical networks, Management is provided by the OLT via OMCI, in case of a GPON connection, and OAM in case of a EPON connection.
The fourth generation of fiber-optic communication systems used optical amplification to reduce the need for repeaters and wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) to increase data capacity. The introduction of WDM was the start of optical networking , as WDM became the technology of choice for fiber-optic bandwidth expansion. [ 24 ]
Passive optical networks do not use electrically powered components to split the signal. Instead, the signal is distributed using beam splitters. Each splitter typically splits the signal from a single fiber into 16, 32, or up to 256 fibers, depending on the manufacturer, and several splitters can be aggregated in a single cabinet.