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The material of the resonator, the fused quartz, is naturally radiation hard in any space environment. [12] This confers intrinsic immunity to deleterious space radiation effects to the HRG resonator. Thanks to the extremely high Q factor of the resonating shell, the HRG has an ultra-low angular random walk [9] and extremely low power dissipation.
The terms fused quartz and fused silica are used interchangeably but can refer to different manufacturing techniques, resulting in different trace impurities. However fused quartz, being in the glassy state, has quite different physical properties compared to crystalline quartz despite being made of the same substance. [2]
The GP-B gyro consists of a nearly-perfect spherical rotating mass made of fused quartz, which provides a dielectric support for a thin layer of niobium superconducting material. To eliminate friction found in conventional bearings, the rotor assembly is centered by the electric field from six electrodes.
At the time, the fused quartz gyroscopes created for Gravity Probe B were the most nearly perfect spheres ever created by humans. [14] The gyroscopes differ from a perfect sphere by no more than 40 atoms of thickness. One is pictured here refracting the image of Albert Einstein in background.
There are also prototypes of elastically decoupled cylindrical resonator gyroscopes (CRG) [16] [17] made from high-purity single-crystalline sapphire. The high-purity leuko-sapphire have Q-factor an order of value higher than quartz glass used for HRG, but this material is hard and has anisotropy. They provide accurate 3 axis positioning of the ...
The GP-B gyro consists of a near-perfect spherical rotating mass made of fused quartz, which provides a dielectric support for a thin layer of niobium superconducting material. To eliminate friction found in conventional bearings, the rotor assembly is centered by the electric field from six electrodes.
Two gyroscopes are used to cancel gyroscopic precession, the tendency of a gyroscope to twist at right angles to an input torque. By mounting a pair of gyroscopes (of the same rotational inertia and spinning at the same speed in opposite directions) at right angles the precessions are cancelled and the platform will resist twisting.
A quantum gyroscope is a very sensitive device to measure angular rotation based on quantum mechanical principles. The first of these was built by Richard Packard and his colleagues at the University of California, Berkeley.