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Kraemer, 334 U.S. 1 (1948), is a landmark [1] United States Supreme Court case that held that racially restrictive housing covenants (deed restrictions) cannot legally be enforced. The case arose after an African-American family purchased a house in St. Louis that was subject to a restrictive covenant preventing "people of the Negro or ...
Americans feared that mixed-race citizens would be able to reap the benefits of being white and so instituted laws to prevent that. Mixed-race citizens could legally categorize themselves as white because of their ability to self-report race to the census bureau, the requirement of choosing only one racial category, and the ability of those who ...
It was designed to enhance Federal enforcement of laws regarding hate crimes, and to specifically make sexual orientation, like race and gender, a protected class. The bill stated that existing Federal law was inadequate to address violence motivated by race, color, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, gender, or disability of the victim.
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The first execution in Texas occurred in 1819, with the execution of a white male, George Brown, for piracy. [1] In 1840, a free black male, Henry Forbes, was executed for jail-breaking. [4] Prior to Texas statehood in 1846, eight executions—all by hanging—were carried out. [1] Ellis Unit, which at one time housed the State of Texas male ...
Twenty-nine Jim Crow laws were passed in Texas. The state enacted one anti-segregation law in 1871 barring separation of the races on public carriers. This law was repealed in 1889. 1865: Juneteenth [Constitution] The people of Texas are informed that, in accordance with a proclamation from the Executive of the United States, all slaves are ...
Texas' top criminal appeals court has stopped Thursday evening's scheduled execution of a Texas inmate who had been condemned for killing another prisoner more than 26 years ago. William Speer, 49 ...
Boynton v. Virginia (1960) - ruled that segregation of public transportation was illegal under the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887. Baker v. Carr (1962) - ruled that redistricting was a justiciabile question in federal court. Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States (1964) - upheld Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 under the Commerce Clause.