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  2. Human genome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_genome

    [4] [3] The human Y chromosome, consisting of 62,460,029 base pairs from a different cell line and found in all males, was sequenced completely in January 2022. [5] The current version of the standard reference genome is called GRCh38.p14 (July 2023). It consists of 22 autosomes plus one copy of the X chromosome and one copy of the Y chromosome.

  3. Chromosome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome

    Certain genetic traits are linked to a person's sex and are passed on through the sex chromosomes. The autosomes contain the rest of the genetic hereditary information. All act in the same way during cell division. Human cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes (22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes), giving a total of 46 per cell.

  4. Homologous chromosome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homologous_chromosome

    Humans have a total of 46 chromosomes, but there are only 22 pairs of homologous autosomal chromosomes. The additional 23rd pair is the sex chromosomes, X and Y . Note that the pair of sex chromosomes may or may not be homologous, depending on the sex of the individual.

  5. Sex chromosome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_chromosome

    Human male XY chromosomes after G-banding. In humans, each cell nucleus contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, a total of 46 chromosomes. The first 22 pairs are called autosomes. Autosomes are homologous chromosomes i.e. chromosomes which contain the same genes (regions of DNA) in the same order along their chromosomal arms. The 23rd pair of ...

  6. Chromosome 2 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_2

    Chromosome 2 is one of the twenty-three pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 2 is the second-largest human chromosome, spanning more than 242 million base pairs [4] and representing almost eight percent of the total DNA in human cells. Chromosome 2 contains the HOXD homeobox gene cluster ...

  7. Ploidy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ploidy

    Humans are diploid organisms, normally carrying two complete sets of chromosomes in their somatic cells: one copy of paternal and maternal chromosomes, respectively, in each of the 23 homologous pairs of chromosomes that humans normally have.

  8. Human evolutionary genetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_evolutionary_genetics

    The human genome has been sequenced, as well as the chimpanzee genome. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, while chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans have 24. Human chromosome 2 is a fusion of two chromosomes 2a and 2b that remained separate in the other primates. [9]

  9. Autosome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autosome

    For example, humans have a diploid genome that usually contains 22 pairs of autosomes and one allosome pair (46 chromosomes total). The autosome pairs are labeled with numbers (1–22 in humans) roughly in order of their sizes in base pairs, while allosomes are labelled with their letters. [3] By contrast, the allosome pair consists of two X ...