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Parallel voting is a mixed non-compensatory system with two tiers of representatives: a tier of single-member district representatives elected by a plurality/majoritarian method such as FPTP/SMP, and a tier of regional or at-large representatives elected by a separate proportional method such as party list PR.
In the Canadian province of Quebec, where an MMP model was studied in 2007, [6] it is called the compensatory mixed-member voting system (système mixte avec compensation or SMAC). In the United Kingdom the sometimes less proportional implementation of MMP used in Scotland and the London Assembly is referred to as the additional member system.
According to the academic typology of Massicotte & Blais (1999) [1], mixed-member majoritarian systems can come in the following forms: Superposition, or the supplementary member (SM) system where two different systems are used on different levels of the electoral system in a non-compensatory manner. This means if a party gets a ...
In political science, parallel voting or superposition refers to the use of two or more electoral systems to elect different members of a legislature. More precisely, an electoral system is a superposition if it is a mixture of at least two tiers, which do not interact with each other in any way; one part of a legislature is elected using one method, while another part is elected using a ...
In contrast to other versions of MMP, all seats are assigned in the two-member districts. The dual-member mixed proportional (DMP) [1] [2] [3] voting method is a mixed electoral system using a localized list rule to elect two representatives in each district. [4]
Mixed-member majoritarian: Party-list proportional representation (126 seats) First-past-the-post (74 seats) Appointed by the President (5 seats) Chamber of Deputies: Lower chamber of legislature Mixed-member majoritarian: Party-list proportional representation (253 seats) First-past-the-post (147 seats) Ivory Coast: President: Head of State ...
Other members are elected on a compensatory national (upper) tier from a list and voters cast a single ballot where they may indicate their preferences separately. [1] A dual vote mixed system is not necessarily a mixed ballot system, particularly the ones using separate ballots for the two votes. This article is primarily about systems using ...
An electoral system (or voting system) is a set of rules that determine how elections and referendums are conducted and how their results are determined.. Some electoral systems elect a single winner (single candidate or option), while others elect multiple winners, such as members of parliament or boards of directors.