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  2. Atomic clock - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_clock

    The development of atomic clocks has led to many scientific and technological advances such as precise global and regional navigation satellite systems, and applications in the Internet, which depend critically on frequency and time standards. Atomic clocks are installed at sites of time signal radio transmitters. [113]

  3. International Atomic Time - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Atomic_Time

    International Atomic Time (abbreviated TAI, from its French name temps atomique international [1]) is a high-precision atomic coordinate time standard based on the notional passage of proper time on Earth's geoid. [2] TAI is a weighted average of the time kept by over 450 atomic clocks in over 80 national laboratories worldwide. [3]

  4. Hafele–Keating experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafele–Keating_experiment

    The time difference was measured by direct clock comparison at the ground before and after the flight, as well as during the flight by laser pulses of 0.1 ns duration. Those signals were sent to the plane, reflected, and again received at the ground station. The time difference was observable during the flight, before later analysis.

  5. Leap second - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leap_second

    Screenshot of the UTC clock from time.gov during the leap second on 31 December 2016.. A leap second is a one-second adjustment that is occasionally applied to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), to accommodate the difference between precise time (International Atomic Time (TAI), as measured by atomic clocks) and imprecise observed solar time (), which varies due to irregularities and long-term ...

  6. Terrestrial Time - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_Time

    The unit of TT is the SI second, the definition of which is based currently on the caesium atomic clock, [3] but TT is not itself defined by atomic clocks. It is a theoretical ideal, and real clocks can only approximate it. TT is distinct from the time scale often used as a basis for civil purposes, Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

  7. List of atomic clocks - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_atomic_clocks

    This is a list of some experimental laboratory atomic clocks worldwide. This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. ... DOST-PAGASA Juan Time [27]

  8. Time and frequency transfer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_and_frequency_transfer

    In a two-way time transfer system, the two peers will both transmit and receive each other's messages, thus performing two one-way time transfers to determine the difference between the remote clock and the local clock. [4]: 118 The sum of these time differences is the round-trip delay between the two nodes. It is often assumed that this delay ...

  9. Time in physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_physics

    The primary time standard in the U.S. is currently NIST-F1, a laser-cooled Cs fountain, [34] the latest in a series of time and frequency standards, from the ammonia-based atomic clock (1949) to the caesium-based NBS-1 (1952) to NIST-7 (1993).