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In economics, factors of production, resources, or inputs are what is used in the production process to produce output—that is, goods and services.The utilized amounts of the various inputs determine the quantity of output according to the relationship called the production function.
The area of economics that focuses on production is called production theory, and it is closely related to the consumption(or consumer) theory of economics. [2] The production process and output directly result from productively utilising the original inputs (or factors of production). [3] Known as primary producer goods or services, land ...
The factors of production are often listed in economic writings derived from the classical school as "land, labour and capital". Marx sometimes used the term "productive forces" equivalently with "factors of production"; in Kapital, he uses "factors of production", in his famous Preface to his Critique of Political Economy: A Contribution to ...
The production function is central to the marginalist focus of neoclassical economics, its definition of efficiency as allocative efficiency, its analysis of how market prices can govern the achievement of allocative efficiency in a decentralized economy, and an analysis of the distribution of income, which attributes factor income to the ...
The production functions listed below, and their properties are shown for the case of two factors of production, capital (K), and labor (L), mostly for heuristic purposes. These functions and their properties are easily generalizable to include additional factors of production (like land, natural resources, entrepreneurship, etc.)
In addition to the common factors of production, in different economic schools of thought, entrepreneurship and technology are sometimes considered evolved factors in production. [6] [7] It is common practice that several forms of controllable inputs are used to achieve the output of a product.
Physical capital represents in economics one of the three primary factors of production. Physical capital is the apparatus used to produce a good and services. Physical capital represents the tangible man-made goods that help and support the production. Inventory, cash, equipment or real estate are all examples of physical capital.
Factors of production is included in the JEL classification codes as JEL: D33 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Factors of production . The main article for this category is Factors of production .