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The 16S rRNA gene is used as the standard for classification and identification of microbes, because it is present in most microbes and shows proper changes. [42] Type strains of 16S rRNA gene sequences for most bacteria and archaea are available on public databases, such as NCBI. However, the quality of the sequences found on these databases ...
Ribotyping is a molecular technique for bacterial identification and characterization that uses information from rRNA-based phylogenetic analyses. [1] It is a rapid and specific method widely used in clinical diagnostics and analysis of microbial communities in food, water, and beverages.
[4] [5] For both bacteria and archaea the 16S rRNA/rDNA gene is used. It is a common housekeeping gene in all prokaryotic organisms and therefore is used as a standard barcode to assess prokaryotic diversity. For protists, the corresponding 18S rRNA/rDNA gene is used. [6]
Bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA, 23S ribosomal RNA, and 5S rRNA genes are typically organized as a co-transcribed operon. As shown by the image in this section, there is an internal transcribed spacer between 16S and 23S rRNA genes. [28] There may be one or more copies of the operon dispersed in the genome (for example, Escherichia coli has seven ...
By using oligonucleotide primers targeted to conserved regions in the 16S and 23S genes, RISA fragments can be generated from most of the dominant bacteria in an environmental sample. While the majority of the rRNA operon serves a structural function, portions of the 16S-23S intergenic region can encode tRNAs depending on the bacterial species ...
The method was first described by Avaniss-Aghajani et al in 1994 [1] and later by Liu in 1997 [2] which employed the amplification of the 16S rDNA target gene from the DNA of several isolated bacteria as well as environmental samples.