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  2. Atrazine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrazine

    Atrazine degrades in soil primarily by the action of microbes. The half-life of atrazine in soil ranges from 13 to 261 days. [32] Atrazine biodegradation can occur by two known pathways: Hydrolysis of the C-Cl bond is followed by the ethyl and isopropyl groups, catalyzed by the hydrolase enzymes called AtzA, AtzB, and AtzC.

  3. Environmental impact of pesticides - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_of...

    Pesticides can eliminate some animals' essential food sources, causing the animals to relocate, change their diet or starve. Residues can travel up the food chain; for example, birds can be harmed when they eat insects and worms that have consumed pesticides. [50] Earthworms digest organic matter and increase nutrient content in the top layer ...

  4. Pesticide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticide

    The word pesticide derives from the Latin pestis (plague) and caedere (kill). [5]The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has defined pesticide as: . any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, or controlling any pest, including vectors of human or animal disease, unwanted species of plants or animals, causing harm during or otherwise interfering with the ...

  5. Atrazine chlorohydrolase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrazine_chlorohydrolase

    Atrazine Chlorohydrolase (AtzA) is an enzyme (E.C.3.8.1.8), [1] which catalyzes the conversion of atrazine to hydroxyatrazine. Bacterial degradation determines the environmental impact and efficacy of an herbicide or pesticide. Initially, most pesticides are highly effective and show minimal bacterial degradation; however, bacteria can rapidly ...

  6. Herbicide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbicide

    The triazine family of herbicides, which includes atrazine, was introduced in the 1950s; they have the current distinction of being the herbicide family of greatest concern regarding groundwater contamination. Atrazine does not break down readily (within a few weeks) after being applied to soils of above-neutral pH. Under alkaline soil ...

  7. Biopesticide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biopesticide

    A Biopesticide is a biological substance or organism that damages, kills, or repels organisms seens as pests. Biological pest management intervention involves predatory, parasitic, or chemical relationships.

  8. Pesticide degradation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticide_degradation

    Pesticide degradation is the process by which a pesticide is transformed into a benign substance that is environmentally compatible with the site to which it was applied. . Globally, an estimated 1 to 2.5 million tons of active pesticide ingredients are used each year, mainly in agricult

  9. Bioaccumulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioaccumulation

    Bioaccumulation is the gradual accumulation of substances, such as pesticides or other chemicals, in an organism. [1] Bioaccumulation occurs when an organism absorbs a substance faster than it can be lost or eliminated by catabolism and excretion.