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Given a function: from a set X (the domain) to a set Y (the codomain), the graph of the function is the set [4] = {(, ()):}, which is a subset of the Cartesian product.In the definition of a function in terms of set theory, it is common to identify a function with its graph, although, formally, a function is formed by the triple consisting of its domain, its codomain and its graph.
In mathematics, the definite integral ()is the area of the region in the xy-plane bounded by the graph of f, the x-axis, and the lines x = a and x = b, such that area above the x-axis adds to the total, and that below the x-axis subtracts from the total.
The graph of a function with a horizontal (y = 0), vertical (x = 0), and oblique asymptote (purple line, given by y = 2x) A curve intersecting an asymptote infinitely many times In analytic geometry , an asymptote ( / ˈ æ s ɪ m p t oʊ t / ) of a curve is a line such that the distance between the curve and the line approaches zero as one or ...
Functions differing by only a constant have the same derivative, and it can be shown that the antiderivative of a given function is a family of functions differing only by a constant. [49]: 326 Since the derivative of the function y = x 2 + C, where C is any constant, is y′ = 2x, the antiderivative of the latter is given by:
The functions whose graph is a line are generally called linear functions in the context of calculus. However, in linear algebra, a linear function is a function that maps a sum to the sum of the images of the summands. So, for this definition, the above function is linear only when c = 0, that is when the
The graphs can be used together to determine the economic equilibrium (essentially, to solve an equation). Simple graph used for reading values: the bell-shaped normal or Gaussian probability distribution , from which, for example, the probability of a man's height being in a specified range can be derived, given data for the adult male population.
Binary operations create a new graph from two initial graphs G 1 = (V 1, E 1) and G 2 = (V 2, E 2), such as: . graph union: G 1 ∪ G 2.There are two definitions. In the most common one, the disjoint union of graphs, the union is assumed to be disjoint.
The function f is variously called an objective function, criterion function, loss function, cost function (minimization), [8] utility function or fitness function (maximization), or, in certain fields, an energy function or energy functional. A feasible solution that minimizes (or maximizes) the objective function is called an optimal solution.