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Only around 160 cases of the virus have been reported in the 40 years before 2018, mostly in various waterfowl or wild birds. [1] Existing studies show that H10 influenza viruses are present in a wide range of domestic and wild avian species, as well as in mammals, showing potential for adaptation. [ 2 ]
Avian influenza, also known as avian flu or bird flu, is a disease caused by the influenza A virus, which primarily affects birds but can sometimes affect mammals including humans. [1] Wild aquatic birds are the primary host of the influenza A virus, which is enzootic (continually present) in many bird populations.
Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 (A/H5N1) is a subtype of the influenza A virus, which causes the disease avian influenza (often referred to as "bird flu"). It is enzootic (maintained in the population) in many bird populations, and also panzootic (affecting animals of many species over a wide area). [ 1 ]
Hemagglutinin (HA) in influenza A virus (IAV) has at least 18 different subtypes. [7] These subtypes are named H1 through H18. H16 was discovered in 2004 on IAVs isolated from black-headed gulls from Sweden and Norway. H17 was discovered in 2012 in fruit bats. [8] [9] Most recently, H18 was discovered in a Peruvian bat in 2013. [10]
Avian influenza virus can survive for 100 days in distilled water at room temperature, and 200 days at 17 °C (63 °F). The avian virus is inactivated more quickly in manure, but can survive for up to two weeks in feces on cages. Avian influenza viruses can survive indefinitely when frozen. [57]
ATC code J07 Vaccines is a therapeutic subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric codes developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the classification of drugs and other medical products.
A H5N1 vaccine is an influenza vaccine intended to provide immunization to influenza A virus subtype H5N1. Vaccination of poultry against the avian H5N1 influenza epizootic is widespread in certain countries. [6] [7] Some vaccines also exist for use in humans, and others are in testing. As of July 2024 these include Aflunov, Celldemic and ...
Annually, about 3 to 5 million cases of severe illness and 290,000 to 650,000 deaths from seasonal flu occur worldwide. [10] A/H3N2 is one of the prevalent subtypes of flu which contribute to seasonal flu outbreaks, and a strain of A/H3N2 is usually included in the biannual reformulation of the flu vaccine. [11]