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Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai is 65 kilometres (40 mi) north of Tongatapu, the country's main island, [9] and is part of the highly active Tonga–Kermadec Islands volcanic arc, a subduction zone extending from New Zealand to Fiji. [10] [11] On the Volcanic Explosivity Index scale, the eruption was rated at least a VEI-5.
The Tonga Meteorological Services said a tsunami warning was declared for all of the archipelago, and data from the Pacific tsunami center showed waves of 80 centimeters (2.7 feet) had been detected.
Tsunamis produced by volcanic shock waves is a rare phenomenon, involving pressure from an explosive eruption that must be high enough to excite free waves in the atmosphere. [3] Such volcanic tsunamis took place during the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa, the 1956 eruption of Bezymianny and the 2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai.
Hunga Tonga and Hunga Haʻapai are the only subaerial parts of the volcano. Hunga Tonga is the eastern island, while Hunga Haʻapai is the western one. They are part of Tonga's Haʻapai group of islands, [15] an island arc formed at the convergent boundary where the Pacific Plate subducts under the Indo-Australian Plate. [6] [16] [17]
Italy 2019 1 A hiker was killed and several others were injured after the volcano's strongest eruption since 2002. The Italian Navy was deployed and evacuated dozens of the island's residents. [86] 3 Krakatoa [87] Indonesia 2018 426 A major eruption triggered a tsunami that killed at least 420 people and injured 14,000 others.
Čeština: Animace postupu vln tsunami po výbuchu ostrovní sopky Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai roku 2022 v Tichém oceánu. Deutsch: Animation des Tsunamis nach dem Vulkanausbruch des Hunga Tonga 2022 .
Pages in category "2022 Hunga Tonga eruption and tsunami" The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. This list may not reflect recent changes.
Fonoifua was heavily affected by the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai eruption and tsunami. [1] The Guardian and ITV News reported that all structures on the island were destroyed except for two houses. [2] [3]