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Space and mass (also Mass and volume [8]) are the primary ingredients that an architect uses to compose an architectural form. The essence of a building is the separation between the finite indoor space fit for humans and unrestricted natural environment outdoors.
The creation of massing, and changes to it, may be additive (accumulating or repeating masses) or subtractive (creating spaces or voids in a mass by removing parts of it). [4] Massing can also be significantly altered by the materials used for the building's exterior, as transparent, reflective, or layered materials are perceived differently.
Name Country and territory Place Floor area Volume Department store: Shinsegae Centum City [91] South Korea: Busan: 509,810 m 2 (5,487,500 sq ft) Industrial building: Boeing Everett Factory United States: Everett, Washington: 398,000 m 2 (4.3 million sq ft) 13.3 million m 3 (472 million cubic ft) Legislature building: Sappaya-Sapasathan [92 ...
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For elements in traction, a reduction of 25% in the working stress or an increase of 25% in the volume is therefore also necessary in the majority of cases. Determining the volume and the displacement of a structure using the indicators W and Δ is therefore reliable theoretically, providing that: the working stress is reduced by at least 25% ;
Celler Modernista, Sant Cugat Museum Former main post office, Utrecht. Self-supporting catenary arches appeared occasionally in ancient architecture, for examples in the main arch of the partially ruined Sassanian palace Taq Kasra (now in Iraq), the largest single-span vault of unreinforced brickwork in the world, and the beehive huts of southwestern Ireland.
Hafsids 1229–1574 (Near and Middle Maghreb) Marinids 1244–1465 (Middle and Far Maghreb) Zayyanids 1235–1550 (Middle Maghreb) Ottoman Rule 1550–1830 (Near and Middle Maghreb) Local Dynasties 1549–present (Far Maghreb) Islamic Spain Umayyad architecture (756–1031) Taifa Kingdoms-1 (1031–1090) Almoravid architecture (1090–1147)
In the Renaissance, an architect like Leon Battista Alberti was expected to be knowledgeable in many disciplines, including arithmetic and geometry.. The architects Michael Ostwald and Kim Williams, considering the relationships between architecture and mathematics, note that the fields as commonly understood might seem to be only weakly connected, since architecture is a profession concerned ...