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While medical ultrasound is used to visualize soft tissues like skin, organs, and blood vessels, fracture sonography is used to visualize fractures on only bone surfaces. It is useful for children aged 12 or younger because all fractures cause alterations of the bone surface, and joint fractures are uncommon at such ages. [ 1 ]
The sign is an imaging finding using a 3.5–7.5 MHz ultrasound probe in the fourth and fifth intercostal spaces in the anterior clavicular line using the M-Mode of the machine. This finding is seen in the M-mode tracing as pleura and lung being indistinguishable as linear hyperechogenic lines and is fairly reliable for diagnosis of a pneumothorax.
The reflected ultrasound is received by the probe, transformed into an electric impulse as voltage, and sent to the engine for signal processing and conversion to an image on the screen. The depth reached by the ultrasound beam is dependent on the frequency of the probe used. The higher the frequency, the lesser the depth reached. [9]
Proximal fractures make up 5% of all fractures and 25% of humerus fractures, [9] middle fractures about 60% of humerus fractures (12% of all fractures), [12] and distal fractures the remainder. Among proximal fractures, 80% are one-part, 10% are two-part, and the remaining 10% are three- and four-part. [ 22 ]
A supracondylar humerus fracture is a fracture of the distal humerus just above the elbow joint. The fracture is usually transverse or oblique and above the medial and lateral condyles and epicondyles. This fracture pattern is relatively rare in adults, but is the most common type of elbow fracture in children. [1]
In a second study of patients with continuing shoulder instability after trauma, and using double contrast CT as a gold standard, a sensitivity of over 95% was demonstrated for ultrasound. [5] It should be borne in mind that in both those studies, patients were having continuing problems after initial injury, and therefore the presence of a ...
A portable ultrasound machine used in the prehospital setting. Emergency ultrasound is used to quickly diagnose a limited set of injuries or pathologic conditions, [4] specifically those where conventional diagnostic methods would either take too long or would introduce greater risk to a person (either by transporting the person away from the most closely monitored setting, or exposing them to ...
Ultrasound gel is used to improve the acoustic windows and increase quality of the captured images. Overall, an uncomplicated TTE exam takes less than 30 minutes. Limited studies (i.e., looking at only specific structures) can be done as a follow-up exam to a full study, or can be done as "point of care" to answer specific questions in the ...