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Current carried on a grounding conductor can result in objectionable or dangerous voltages appearing on equipment enclosures, so the installation of grounding conductors and neutral conductors is carefully defined in electrical regulations. Where a neutral conductor is used also to connect equipment enclosures to earth, care must be taken that ...
The National Electrical Code (NEC) specifies that the black conductor represent the hot conductor, with significant voltage to earth ground; the white conductor represent the identified or neutral conductor, near ground potential; [11] and the bare/green conductor, the safety grounding conductor not normally used to carry circuit current.
The blades of a NEMA connector are identified within the dimensional standard as follows: 'G' identifies the grounding conductor, 'W' identifies the (grounded) neutral conductor, and 'X', 'Y', and 'Z' are the "hot" line conductors. Single-phase connectors have only a single terminal identified as 'X' or two terminals, 'X' and 'Y'.
A grounding electrode conductor (GEC) is used to connect the system grounded ("neutral") conductor, or the equipment to a grounding electrode, or a point on the grounding electrode system. This is called "system grounding" and most electrical systems are required to be grounded.
A wire or cable has a voltage (to neutral) rating and a maximum conductor surface temperature rating. The amount of current a cable or wire can safely carry depends on the installation conditions. The international standard wire sizes are given in the IEC 60228 standard of the International Electrotechnical Commission .
West Germany banned bootleg grounding in 1973, although it was common practice before and can still be found in older installations. [citation needed] In Finland, using neutral as a ground conductor was a common practice until 1989. [3] After that, a thicker PEN-wire was used as both ground and neutral until it was banned in 2007. [4]
In the United States National Electrical Code and Canadian Electrical Code, the feed from the distribution transformer uses a combined neutral and grounding conductor, but within the structure separate neutral and protective earth conductors are used (TN-C-S). The neutral must be connected to earth only on the supply side of the customer's ...
Grounded vs ungrounded NEMA plugs. The NEMA 5-15 plug has two flat parallel blades like NEMA 1-15, and a ground (earth) pin. [46] It is rated 15 A at 125 volts. The ground pin is longer than the line and neutral blades, such that an inserted plug connects to ground before power. The ground hole is officially D-shaped, although some round holes ...