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In mathematics and science, a nonlinear system (or a non-linear system) is a system in which the change of the output is not proportional to the change of the input. [1] [2] Nonlinear problems are of interest to engineers, biologists, [3] [4] [5] physicists, [6] [7] mathematicians, and many other scientists since most systems are inherently nonlinear in nature. [8]
Nonlinear ones are of particular interest for their commonality in describing real-world systems and how much more difficult they are to solve compared to linear differential equations. This list presents nonlinear ordinary differential equations that have been named, sorted by area of interest.
In mathematics and physics, a nonlinear partial differential equation is a partial differential equation with nonlinear terms.They describe many different physical systems, ranging from gravitation to fluid dynamics, and have been used in mathematics to solve problems such as the Poincaré conjecture and the Calabi conjecture.
Nonlinear algebra is the nonlinear analogue to linear algebra, generalizing notions of spaces and transformations coming from the linear setting. [1] Algebraic geometry is one of the main areas of mathematical research supporting nonlinear algebra, while major components coming from computational mathematics support the development of the area ...
Similarly, a differential equation is said to be linear if it can be written with linear differential operators, but it can still have nonlinear expressions in it. In a mathematical programming model, if the objective functions and constraints are represented entirely by linear equations , then the model is regarded as a linear model.
Linear and non-linear equations. In the case of a single equation, the "solver" is more appropriately called a root-finding algorithm. Systems of linear equations. Nonlinear systems. Systems of polynomial equations, which are a special case of non linear systems, better solved by specific solvers. Linear and non-linear optimisation problems
Iterative methods are often the only choice for nonlinear equations. However, iterative methods are often useful even for linear problems involving many variables (sometimes on the order of millions), where direct methods would be prohibitively expensive (and in some cases impossible) even with the best available computing power.
Nonlinear control theory is the area of control theory which deals with systems that are nonlinear, time-variant, or both. Control theory is an interdisciplinary branch of engineering and mathematics that is concerned with the behavior of dynamical systems with inputs, and how to modify the output by changes in the input using feedback ...