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The sampling frequency or sampling rate, , is the average number of samples obtained in one second, thus = /, with the unit samples per second, sometimes referred to as hertz, for example 48 kHz is 48,000 samples per second.
Audio on Compact Disc has a sampling rate of 44.1 kHz; to transfer it to a digital medium that uses 48 kHz, method 1 above can be used with L = 160, M = 147 (since 48000/44100 = 160/147). [5] For the reverse conversion, the values of L and M are swapped. Per above, in both cases, the low-pass filter should be set to 22.05 kHz.
A typical choice of characteristic frequency is the sampling rate that is used to create the digital signal from a continuous one. The normalized quantity, f ′ = f f s , {\displaystyle f'={\tfrac {f}{f_{s}}},} has the unit cycle per sample regardless of whether the original signal is a function of time or distance.
It was recorded in 50 kHz, 16-bit linear PCM using a 3M digital tape recorder. [22] The compact disc (CD) brought PCM to consumer audio applications with its introduction in 1982. The CD uses a 44,100 Hz sampling frequency and 16-bit resolution and stores up to 80 minutes of stereo audio per disc.
The DVD-Audio format uses standard, linear PCM at variable sampling rates and bit depths, which at the very least match and usually greatly surpass those of standard CD audio (16 bits, 44.1 kHz). In the popular Hi-Fi press, it had been suggested that linear PCM "creates [a] stress reaction in people", and that DSD "is the only digital recording ...
For music-quality audio, 44.1 and 48 kHz sampling rates are the most common. Master recording may be done at a higher sampling rate (i.e. 88.2, 96, 176.4 or 192 kHz). High-resolution PCM recordings have been released on DVD-Audio (also known as DVD-A), DualDisc (utilizing the DVD-Audio layer), or High Fidelity Pure Audio on Blu-ray.
ISDN sampling rate 10 4: 10 kHz 14 kHz: Acoustic – the typical upper limit of adult human hearing 17.4 kHz: Acoustic – a frequency known as the Mosquito, which is generally only audible to those under the age of 24. 25.1 kHz Acoustic – G 10, the highest pitch sung by Georgia Brown, who has a vocal range of 8 octaves. 44.1 kHz: Common ...
In the early 1980s, a 32 kHz sampling rate was used in broadcast (esp. in UK and Japan), because this is sufficient for FM stereo broadcasts, which have 15 kHz bandwidth. Some digital audio was provided for domestic use in two incompatible EIAJ formats, corresponding to 525/59.94 (44,056 Hz sampling) and 625/50 (44.1 kHz sampling).