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  2. Quantum gravity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_gravity

    Quantum gravity (QG) is a field of theoretical physics that seeks to describe gravity according to the principles of quantum mechanics.It deals with environments in which neither gravitational nor quantum effects can be ignored, [1] such as in the vicinity of black holes or similar compact astrophysical objects, as well as in the early stages of the universe moments after the Big Bang.

  3. Quark model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_model

    In particle physics, the quark model is a classification scheme for hadrons in terms of their valence quarks—the quarks and antiquarks that give rise to the quantum numbers of the hadrons. The quark model underlies "flavor SU(3)" , or the Eightfold Way , the successful classification scheme organizing the large number of lighter hadrons that ...

  4. AdS/CFT correspondence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AdS/CFT_correspondence

    The physics of the quark–gluon plasma is governed by quantum chromodynamics, but this theory is mathematically intractable in problems involving the quark–gluon plasma. [44] In an article appearing in 2005, Đàm Thanh Sơn and his collaborators showed that the AdS/CFT correspondence could be used to understand some aspects of the quark ...

  5. Mathematical formulation of the Standard Model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_formulation...

    This mirrors the historical evolution of quantum field theory, since the electron component ψ e (describing the electron and its antiparticle the positron) is then the original ψ field of quantum electrodynamics, which was later accompanied by ψ μ and ψ τ fields for the muon and tauon respectively (and their antiparticles).

  6. Standard Model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model

    The scalar potential is given by ... the modern theory of gravity, and quantum mechanics ... Strong interaction: Color charge, Quantum chromodynamics, Quark model;

  7. Yukawa interaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yukawa_interaction

    (It is a non-trivial result of quantum field theory [2] that the exchange of even-spin bosons like the pion (spin 0, Yukawa force) or the graviton (spin 2, gravity) results in forces always attractive, while odd-spin bosons like the gluons (spin 1, strong interaction), the photon (spin 1, electromagnetic force) or the rho meson (spin 1, Yukawa ...

  8. Graviton - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

    In theories of quantum gravity, the graviton is the hypothetical elementary particle that mediates the force of gravitational interaction. There is no complete quantum field theory of gravitons due to an outstanding mathematical problem with renormalization in general relativity.

  9. Quantum chromodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_chromodynamics

    They carry global quantum numbers including the baryon number, which is 1 ⁄ 3 for each quark, hypercharge and one of the flavor quantum numbers. Gluons are spin-1 bosons that also carry color charges, since they lie in the adjoint representation 8 of SU(3). They have no electric charge, do not participate in the weak interactions, and have no ...