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Kidney disease, or renal disease, technically referred to as nephropathy, is damage to or disease of a kidney. Nephritis is an inflammatory kidney disease and has several types according to the location of the inflammation. Inflammation can be diagnosed by blood tests. Nephrosis is non-inflammatory kidney disease.
This category reflects the organization of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision. Generally, diseases outlined within the ICD-10 codes N00-N19, N20.0 within Chapter XIV: Diseases of the genitourinary system should be included in this category.
Goodpasture syndrome - This is a rare autoimmune disease where autoantibodies are produced that target the glomerular basement membrane in both the lungs and the kidneys. The damage to the basement membrane causes bleeding, and the disease often presents in patients as hematuria and haemoptysis (coughing up blood).
Sarcoidosis: This disease does not usually affect the kidney but, on occasions, the accumulation of inflammatory granulomas (collection of immune cells) in the glomeruli can lead to nephrotic syndrome. Syphilis: kidney damage can occur during the secondary stage of this disease (between 2 and 8 weeks from onset).
Renin–angiotensin system. Nephritis can produce glomerular injury, by disturbing the glomerular structure with inflammatory cell proliferation. [10] This can lead to reduced glomerular blood flow, leading to reduced urine output [11] and retention of waste products (). [12]
Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a term used to refer to several kidney diseases (usually affecting both kidneys). Many of the diseases are characterised by inflammation either of the glomeruli or of the small blood vessels in the kidneys, hence the name, [1] but not all diseases necessarily have an inflammatory component. [citation needed]
Diseases of the nephron predominantly affect either the glomeruli or the tubules. Glomerular diseases include diabetic nephropathy , glomerulonephritis and IgA nephropathy ; renal tubular diseases include acute tubular necrosis , renal tubular acidosis , and polycystic kidney disease .
Kidney failure, also known as renal failure or end-stage renal disease (ESRD), is a medical condition in which the kidneys can no longer adequately filter waste products from the blood, functioning at less than 15% of normal levels. [2]