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This article lists protocols, categorized by the nearest layer in the Open Systems Interconnection model.This list is not exclusive to only the OSI protocol family.Many of these protocols are originally based on the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and other models and they often do not fit neatly into OSI layers.
Comparison of instant messaging protocols: Internet Protocol: List of IP protocol numbers: Link aggregation: List of Nortel protocols OSI protocols: List of network protocols (OSI model) Protocol stacks: List of network protocol stacks: Routing: List of ad hoc routing protocols: List of routing protocols: Web services: List of web service protocols
Multiple protocols often describe different aspects of a single communication. A group of protocols designed to work together is known as a protocol suite; when implemented in software they are a protocol stack. Internet communication protocols are published by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).
An IPv6 network does not perform fragmentation in network elements, but requires end hosts and higher-layer protocols to avoid exceeding the path MTU. [ 20 ] The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is an example of a protocol that adjusts its segment size to be smaller than the MTU.
At the application layer, the TCP/IP model distinguishes between user protocols and support protocols. [1]: §1.1.3 Support protocols provide services to a system of network infrastructure. User protocols are used for actual user applications. For example, FTP is a user protocol and DNS is a support protocol.
The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a networking protocol for clock synchronization between computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data networks. In operation since before 1985, NTP is one of the oldest Internet protocols in current use.
At the lower levels of the protocol stack, due to network congestion, traffic load balancing, or unpredictable network behavior, IP packets may be lost, duplicated, or delivered out of order. TCP detects these problems, requests re-transmission of lost data, rearranges out-of-order data and even helps minimize network congestion to reduce the ...
The network layer provides the means of transferring variable-length network packets from a source to a destination host via one or more networks. Within the service layering semantics of the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) network architecture, the network layer responds to service requests from the transport layer and issues service requests to the data link layer.