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Xenon-136 is an isotope of xenon that undergoes double beta decay to barium-136 with a very long half-life of 2.11 × 10 21 years, more than 10 orders of magnitude longer than the age of the universe ((13.799 ± 0.021) × 10 9 years). It is being used in the Enriched Xenon Observatory experiment to search for neutrinoless double beta decay.
Xenon-135 (135 Xe) is an unstable isotope of xenon with a half-life of about 9.2 hours. 135 Xe is a fission product of uranium and it is the most powerful known neutron-absorbing nuclear poison (2 million barns; [1] up to 3 million barns [1] under reactor conditions [2]), with a significant effect on nuclear reactor operation.
This is a list of radioactive nuclides (sometimes also called isotopes), ordered by half-life from shortest to longest, in seconds, minutes, hours, days and years. Current methods make it difficult to measure half-lives between approximately 10 −19 and 10 −10 seconds. [1]
The longest-lived of these isotopes are the primordial 124 Xe, which undergoes double electron capture with a half-life of 1.8 × 10 22 yr, [82] and 136 Xe, which undergoes double beta decay with a half-life of 2.11 × 10 21 yr. [83] 129 Xe is produced by beta decay of 129 I, which has a half-life of 16 million years.
The isobar forming 132 Te/ 132 I is: Tin-132 (half-life 40 s) decaying to antimony-132 (half-life 2.8 minutes) decaying to tellurium-132 (half-life 3.2 days) decaying to iodine-132 (half-life 2.3 hours) which decays to stable xenon-132. The creation of tellurium-126 is delayed by the long half-life (230 k years) of tin-126.
Xe has four synthetic radioisotopes with very short half-lives, usually less than one month. Xenon-129 can be used to examine the early history of the Earth. 129 Xe was derived from the extinct nuclide of iodine, iodine-129 or 129 I (with a half-life of 15.7 Million years, or Myr), which can be used
In April 2019 it was announced that the half-life of xenon-124 had been measured to 1.8 × 10 22 years. This is the longest half-life directly measured for any unstable isotope; [4] only the half-life of tellurium-128 is longer. [citation needed]
It is also naturally produced in small quantities, due to the spontaneous fission of natural uranium, by cosmic ray spallation of trace levels of xenon in the atmosphere, and by cosmic ray muons striking tellurium-130. [4] [5] 129 I decays with a half-life of 16.14 million years, with low-energy beta and gamma emissions, to stable xenon-129 ...