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α Geminorum (Latinised to Alpha Geminorum) is the star system's Bayer designation. Castor and Pollux are the two "heavenly twin" stars that give the constellation Gemini (meaning twins in Latin) its name. The name Castor refers specifically to Castor, one of the twin sons of Zeus and Leda in Greek and Roman mythology.
The twin above and to the right (as seen from the Northern Hemisphere) is Castor, whose brightest star is α Gem; it is a second-magnitude star and represents Castor's head. The twin below and to the left is Pollux, whose brightest star is β Gem (more commonly called Pollux); it is of the first magnitude and represents Pollux's head.
Gamma Geminorum (γ Geminorum, abbreviated Gamma Gem, γ Gem), formally named Alhena / æ l ˈ h iː n ə /, [13] is the third-brightest object in the constellation of Gemini. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 1.9, [ 2 ] making it easily visible to the naked eye even in urban regions .
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β Geminorum (Latinised to Beta Geminorum) is the star's Bayer designation. The traditional name Pollux refers to the twins Castor and Pollux in Greek and Roman mythology. [16] In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) [17] to catalog and standardize proper names for stars.
Rho Geminorum (ρ Gem) is a star system that lies 59 light-years away in the constellation of Gemini, about 5 degrees west of Castor.The system consists of a primary bright enough to be seen with the naked eye, a faint secondary which has rarely been observed even professionally, and a distant, somewhat bright tertiary which requires telescopic equipment for observation.
Iota Geminorum (ι Geminorum, ι Gem) is a solitary [9] fourth-magnitude star in the constellation Gemini. In the sky, it forms an isosceles triangle with Castor and Pollux , and is located less than a degree from the 5th magnitude stars 64 and 65 Geminorum.
Xi Geminorum (ξ Geminorum, abbreviated Xi Gem, ξ Gem), formally named Alzirr / ˈ æ l z ər /, [10] is a star in the zodiac constellation of Gemini. It forms one of the four feet of the outline demarcating the Gemini twins. [11] The star has an apparent visual magnitude of 3.35, [2] which is bright enough for it to be seen with the naked eye.