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Scopolamine, also known as hyoscine, [9] or Devil's Breath, [10] is a natural or synthetically produced tropane alkaloid and anticholinergic drug that is used as a medication to treat motion sickness [11] and postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Hyoscine butylbromide can be taken by mouth, injection into a muscle, or into a vein. [5] Side effects may include sleepiness, vision changes, dry mouth, rapid heart rate, triggering of glaucoma, and severe allergies. [7] Sleepiness is uncommon. [10] It is unclear if it is safe in pregnancy. [5] It appears safe in breastfeeding. [11]
The National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) break constipation in adults into two categories: chronic constipation of unknown cause, and constipation due to opiates. [44] In chronic constipation of unknown cause, the main treatment involves the increased intake of water and fiber (either dietary or as supplements). [18]
However, scopolamine has greater effects on the central nervous system (CNS) than atropine due to its ability to cross the blood–brain barrier. [4] At higher-than-therapeutic doses, atropine and scopolamine cause CNS depression characterized by amnesia, fatigue, and reduction in rapid eye movement sleep.
An acute anticholinergic syndrome is reversible and subsides once all of the causative agents have been excreted. Reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor agents such as physostigmine can be used as an antidote in life-threatening cases. Wider use is discouraged due to the significant side effects related to cholinergic excess including ...
According to Sanmiguel, certain lifestyle changes can lead to long-lasting constipation relief. “Sedentary people have more trouble having their bowels empty,” she explains. “Remember, the ...
However, they can also cause constipation, dry mouth, and fatigue. Dolasetron (Anzemet) can be administered in tablet form or in an injection. Granisetron (Kytril, Sancuso) can be administered in tablet (Kytril), oral solution (Kytril), injection (Kytril), or in a single transdermal patch to the upper arm (SANCUSO).
Dysautonomia, autonomic failure, or autonomic dysfunction is a condition in which the autonomic nervous system (ANS) does not work properly. This condition may affect the functioning of the heart, bladder, intestines, sweat glands, pupils, and blood vessels. Dysautonomia has many causes, not all of which may be classified as neuropathic. [5]