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The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, described as the world's largest lake and usually referred to as a full-fledged sea. [2] [3] [4] An endorheic basin, it lies between Europe and Asia: east of the Caucasus, west of the broad steppe of Central Asia, south of the fertile plains of Southern Russia in Eastern Europe, and north of the mountainous Iranian Plateau.
Turkmenistan sea fishery resources primarily consist of kilka (clupeonella delicatula) and are exploited by Balkanbalyk, a state-owned company which had some 11 large vessels, 12 medium-sized vessels, 10 transport vessels supporting the fishing fleet, 4 tug-boats and 3 others in the mid 1990s. [2]
But in the 18th century, the river again turned north, flowing into the Aral Sea, a path it has taken since. Less and less water flowed down the Uzboy. When Russian explorer Bekovich-Cherkasski surveyed the region in 1720, the Amu Darya did not flow into the Caspian Sea anymore. [24] Russian troops crossing Amu Darya, c. 1873
In 18th century maps of the Caspian Sea the gulf was known as 'Balkan Gulf' or 'Balchan Gulf' and was assumed to be much deeper. It was first accurately cartographed by Fedor Ivanovich Soimonov during the 1719 Caspian Expedition which surveyed the Caspian Sea from 1719 to 1727.
The fish is found primarily in the Caspian Sea, which is bordered by Iran, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkmenistan. It can also be found in the Black Sea basin and occasionally in the Adriatic Sea. Beluga caviar is the most expensive type of caviar, [1] with market prices ranging from $7,000 to $22,000/kg ($3,200 to $10,000/lb). [2] [3]
Traditionally, the term caviar refers only to roe from wild sturgeon in the Caspian Sea and Black Sea [2] (beluga, ossetra and sevruga caviars). The term caviar can also describe the roe of other species of sturgeon or other fish such as paddlefish , salmon , steelhead , trout , lumpfish , whitefish , [ 3 ] or carp .
The desert covers roughly seventy percent of Turkmenistan, [3] a long east–west swath. It sits east of the Caspian Sea which has a steep east bank. It adjoins, to the north, the long delta feeding the South Aral Sea further north, another endorheic lake, about 58 m (190 ft) higher than the Caspian Sea.
Caspian seal (Pusa caspica). Caspian seals (Pusa caspica) and varied marine birds inhabit the island. Ogurja Ada is part of the Hazar Nature Reserve of Turkmenistan. [5]The island has been designated an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports breeding colonies of gulls and terns.