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The first published definition of a variety over F 1 came from Christophe Soulé in 1999, [6] who constructed it using algebras over the complex numbers and functors from categories of certain rings. [6] In 2000, Zhu proposed that F 1 was the same as F 2 except that the sum of one and one was one, not zero. [7]
Encyclopedia of Mathematics and its Applications. Vol. 71. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-62321-6. MR 1688958. Bailey, W.N. (1935). Generalized Hypergeometric Series (PDF). Cambridge University Press. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-06-24; Beukers, Frits (2002), Gauss' hypergeometric function. (lecture notes reviewing ...
In the case where the space is a space of functions, the functional is a "function of a function", [6] and some older authors actually define the term "functional" to mean "function of a function". However, the fact that X {\displaystyle X} is a space of functions is not mathematically essential, so this older definition is no longer prevalent.
In mathematics, Appell series are a set of four hypergeometric series F 1, F 2, F 3, F 4 of two variables that were introduced by Paul Appell () and that generalize Gauss's hypergeometric series 2 F 1 of one variable.
supremum = least upper bound. A lower bound of a subset of a partially ordered set (,) is an element of such that . for all .; A lower bound of is called an infimum (or greatest lower bound, or meet) of if
In 1957, Gould was elected as a full member of the Sigma Xi Research Society for his distinction in mathematics at the University of Virginia, and the Beta chapter of the national mathematics honorary Pi Mu Epsilon at the University of North Carolina. [1] In 1963, he was elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of ...
In mathematics, the Wronskian of n differentiable functions is the determinant formed with the functions and their derivatives up to order n – 1.It was introduced in 1812 by the Polish mathematician Józef WroĊski, and is used in the study of differential equations, where it can sometimes show the linear independence of a set of solutions.
Heisenberg's matrix mechanics formulation was based on algebras of infinite matrices, a very radical formulation in light of the mathematics of classical physics, although he started from the index-terminology of the experimentalists of that time, not even aware that his "index-schemes" were matrices, as Born soon pointed out to him.