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Long-distance propagation tends to occur only at night, and the band can be notoriously noisy particularly in the summer months. 160 metres is also known as the "top band" . For many years it was the longest-wavelength amateur band; although often included among the shortwaves , it is actually located near the top end of the medium frequency band.
The 40-meter or 7-MHz band is an amateur radio frequency band, spanning 7.000-7.300 MHz in ITU Region 2, and 7.000-7.200 MHz in Regions 1 & 3. It is allocated to radio amateurs worldwide on a primary basis; however, only 7.000-7.200 MHz is exclusively allocated to amateur radio worldwide.
The 20-meter or 14-MHz amateur radio band is a portion of the shortwave radio spectrum, comprising frequencies stretching from 14.000 MHz to 14.350 MHz. [1] The 20-meter band is widely considered among the best for long-distance communication ( DXing ), and is one of the most popular—and crowded—during contests . [ 2 ]
The 15-meter band (also called the 21-MHz band or 15 meters) is an amateur radio frequency band spanning the shortwave spectrum from 21 to 21.45 MHz. The band is suitable for amateur long-distance communications, and such use is permitted in nearly all countries. [citation needed]
160-meter band refers to the band of radio frequencies between 1.8 and 2 MHz, just above the medium wave broadcast band.For many decades the lowest radio frequency band allocated for use by amateur radio, before the adoption, at the beginning of the 21st century in most countries, of the 630-and 2200-meter bands.
Because radio waves in this band can be reflected back to Earth by the ionosphere layer in the atmosphere – a method known as "skip" or "skywave" propagation – these frequencies can be used for long-distance communication across intercontinental distances and for mountainous terrains which prevent line-of-sight communications. [3]
American radio amateurs may use a maximum of one watt of radiated RF power, on any ham frequency authorized for data emissions, to control RC models. [10] Canadian radio amateurs may use any amateur frequency above 30 MHz for the control of RC models. [11] Plus or minus 5 MHz is a common repeater frequency offset in the 70 cm band.
In shortwave radio communication, a major mode of long distance propagation is for the radio waves to reflect off the ionized layers of the atmosphere and return diagonally back to Earth. In this way radio waves can travel beyond the horizon, around the curve of the Earth.