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In algebra, the zero-product property states that the product of two nonzero elements is nonzero. In other words, =, = = This property is also known as the rule of zero product, the null factor law, the multiplication property of zero, the nonexistence of nontrivial zero divisors, or one of the two zero-factor properties. [1]
An element that is a left or a right zero divisor is simply called a zero divisor. [2] An element a that is both a left and a right zero divisor is called a two-sided zero divisor (the nonzero x such that ax = 0 may be different from the nonzero y such that ya = 0). If the ring is commutative, then the left and right zero divisors are the same.
Any non-trivial idempotent a is a zero divisor (because ab = 0 with neither a nor b being zero, where b = 1 − a). This shows that integral domains and division rings do not have such idempotents. Local rings also do not have such idempotents, but for a different reason. The only idempotent contained in the Jacobson radical of a ring is 0.
A left zero divisor of a ring R is an element a in the ring such that there exists a nonzero element b of R such that ab = 0. [d] A right zero divisor is defined similarly. A nilpotent element is an element a such that a n = 0 for some n > 0. One example of a nilpotent element is a nilpotent matrix.
(Here we allow zero to be a zero divisor.) In particular D R is the set of (left) zero divisors of R taking S = R and R acting on itself as a left R -module. When R is commutative and Noetherian, the set D R {\displaystyle D_{R}} is precisely equal to the union of the associated primes of the R -module R .
Considered with the operations of component-wise addition, and multiplication according to the quaternion group, this collection forms a 4-dimensional algebra over the complex numbers C. The algebra of biquaternions is associative, but not commutative. A biquaternion is either a unit or a zero divisor.