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The cause of multiple myeloma is unknown. [4] Risk factors include obesity, radiation exposure, family history, age and certain chemicals. [5] [11] [12] There is an increased risk of multiple myeloma in certain occupations. [13] This is due to the occupational exposure to aromatic hydrocarbon solvents having a role in causation of multiple ...
Monoclonal gammopathy, also known as paraproteinemia, is the presence of excessive amounts of myeloma protein or monoclonal gamma globulin in the blood. It is usually due to an underlying immunoproliferative disorder or hematologic neoplasms, especially multiple myeloma. It is sometimes considered equivalent to plasma cell dyscrasia.
These causes are rare and constitute about 1% of all causes of hypercalcemia of malignancy. [22] Hypercalcemia of malignancy usually portends a poor prognosis, and the medial survival is 25–52 days of its development. [22] It has an incidence of 30% in those with cancer, and the prevalence is estimated to be about 2-3% in the United States. [22]
MPNs arise when precursor cells (blast cells) of the myeloid lineages in the bone marrow develop somatic mutations which cause them to grow abnormally. There is a similar category of disease for the lymphoid lineage, the lymphoproliferative disorders acute lymphoblastic leukemia, lymphomas, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma. [4]
Smouldering myeloma is a disease classified as intermediate in a spectrum of step-wise progressive diseases termed plasma cell dyscrasias.In this spectrum of diseases, a clone of plasma cells secreting monoclonal paraprotein (also termed myeloma protein or M protein) causes the relatively benign disease of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance.
In hematology, plasma cell dyscrasias (also termed plasma cell disorders and plasma cell proliferative diseases) are a spectrum of progressively more severe monoclonal gammopathies in which a clone or multiple clones of pre-malignant or malignant plasma cells (sometimes in association with lymphoplasmacytoid cells or B lymphocytes) over-produce and secrete into the blood stream a myeloma ...
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