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Excess volume of the mixture of ethanol and water (volume contraction) Heat of mixing of the mixture of ethanol and water Vapor–liquid equilibrium of the mixture of ethanol and water (including azeotrope) Solid–liquid equilibrium of the mixture of ethanol and water (including eutecticum) Miscibility gap in the mixture of dodecane and ethanol
Ethanol-water mixtures have less volume than the sum of their individual components at the given fractions. Mixing equal volumes of ethanol and water results in only 1.92 volumes of mixture. [75] [80] Mixing ethanol and water is exothermic, with up to 777 J/mol [81] being released at 298 K. Hydrogen bonding in solid ethanol at −186 °C
Specific energy is energy per unit mass, which is used to describe the chemical energy content of a fuel, expressed in SI units as joule per kilogram (J/kg) or equivalent units. [1] Energy density is the amount of chemical energy per unit volume of the fuel, expressed in SI units as joule per litre (J/L) or equivalent units. [2]
Relation to SI units barrel of oil equivalent: boe ≈ 5.8 × 10 6 BTU 59 °F: ≈ 6.12 × 10 9 J: British thermal unit (ISO) BTU ISO: ≡ 1.0545 × 10 3 J = 1.0545 × 10 3 J: British thermal unit (International Table) BTU IT = 1.055 055 852 62 × 10 3 J: British thermal unit (mean) BTU mean: ≈ 1.055 87 × 10 3 J: British thermal unit ...
For example, to make 100 mL of 50% alc/vol ethanol solution, water would be added to 50 mL of ethanol to make up exactly 100 mL. Whereas to make a 50% v/v ethanol solution, 50 mL of ethanol and 50 mL of water could be mixed but the resulting volume of solution will measure less than 100 mL due to the change of volume on mixing, and will contain ...
The energy content of ethanol is 76,100 BTU/US gal (5.89 kilowatt-hours per litre), compared to 114,100 BTU/US gal (8.83 kWh/L) for gasoline. (see chart above) A flex-fuel vehicle will experience about 76% of the fuel mileage MPG when using E85 (85% ethanol) products as compared to 100% gasoline.
For example, the amount concentration of sodium chloride in ocean water is typically about 0.599 mol/L. The denominator is the volume of the solution, not of the solvent. Thus, for example, one liter of standard vodka contains about 0.40 L of ethanol (315 g, 6.85 mol) and 0.60 L of water. The amount concentration of ethanol is therefore (6.85 ...
Change in volume with increasing ethanol fraction. The molar volume of a substance i is defined as its molar mass divided by its density ρ i 0: , = For an ideal mixture containing N components, the molar volume of the mixture is the weighted sum of the molar volumes of its individual components.