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The wire brush encircles the shaft and scours the interior of the pipeline. A scraper pig shown at the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System Visitors Center. In pipeline transportation, pigging is the practice of using pipeline inspection gauges or gadgets, devices generally referred to as pigs or scrapers, to perform various maintenance operations ...
Hydraulically activated pipeline pigging (HAPP) is a pigging technology applied for pipeline cleaning. The basic principle is that a pressure drop is created over a by-passable pig held back against a pipeline's fluid flow. The pipeline fluid passing through the pig's cleaning head is accelerated by this pressure drop, forming strong cleaning jets.
Ice pigging is a technique used for cleaning pipes, distinguished from traditional pigging by the use of a semi-solid 'pig' made of ice, rather than a solid object. This ice pig is capable of flowing through pipes, navigating obstructions such as valves and variations in pipe diameter, due to its fluid-like properties.
Background and origin of the term "pig": In the field, a device that travels inside a pipeline to clean or inspect it is typically known as a pig. PIG is a bacronym for "Pipeline Inspection Gauge". The acronym PIG came later as the nickname for "pig" originated from cleaning pigs (first designed pigs) that sounded like squealing or screeching ...
Pipeline Filling (Flooding) – which can be carried out by propelling pigs through the pipeline with water or free flooding with water (normally for smaller or unpiggable pipelines). Hydrotesting – this is a process by which the pipeline in question is pressure tested to a predefined pressure above the operating design pressure of the pipeline.
Pigging slugs are caused by pigging operations in the pipeline. The pig is designed to push all or most of the liquids contents of the pipeline to the outlet. This intentionally creates a liquid slug. Slugs formed by terrain slugging, hydrodynamic slugging or riser-based slugging are periodical in nature.
Natural gas may move through a pipeline system typically at speeds of up to 25 mph (11.2 m/s), depending on pressures and pipeline diameters. For a pipeline system operating at a nominal pressure of 1000 psi (such as the UK National Transmission System ) compressor stations compress the gas from about 48 bar (700 psi) to 65 bar (950 psi).
Process piping and power piping are typically checked by pipe stress engineers to verify that the routing, nozzle loads, hangers, and supports are properly placed and selected such that allowable pipe stress is not exceeded under different loads such as sustained loads, operating loads, pressure testing loads, etc., as stipulated by the ASME B31, EN 13480, GOST 32388, RD 10-249 or any other ...