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Hydraulically activated pipeline pigging (HAPP) is a pigging technology applied for pipeline cleaning. The basic principle is that a pressure drop is created over a by-passable pig held back against a pipeline's fluid flow. The pipeline fluid passing through the pig's cleaning head is accelerated by this pressure drop, forming strong cleaning jets.
The wire brush encircles the shaft and scours the interior of the pipeline. A scraper pig shown at the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System Visitors Center. In pipeline transportation, pigging is the practice of using pipeline inspection gauges or gadgets, devices generally referred to as pigs or scrapers, to perform various maintenance operations ...
Pigging slugs are caused by pigging operations in the pipeline. The pig is designed to push all or most of the liquids contents of the pipeline to the outlet. This intentionally creates a liquid slug. Slugs formed by terrain slugging, hydrodynamic slugging or riser-based slugging are periodical in nature.
Ice pigging is a technique used for cleaning pipes, distinguished from traditional pigging by the use of a semi-solid 'pig' made of ice, rather than a solid object. This ice pig is capable of flowing through pipes, navigating obstructions such as valves and variations in pipe diameter, due to its fluid-like properties.
In October 2013, the company carried out the longest nonstop inspection run until that time in the Nord Stream Pipeline (1,224 km). [14] Hermann Rosen has managed the corporate group [15] since its inception. Only for the time period from the beginning of 2013 to the end of 2014, Friedrich Hecker acted as CEO. [16]
The most recent was the 2010 San Bruno pipeline explosion that killed at least four people, injured 60 and more victims are still missing. [19] Portions of the San Bruno pipeline had been built in 1956. In ideal situations, pipeline inspection gauges or a “PIG” (see Pigging) is used to inspect and ensure the safe operation of natural gas ...
Robert "Bobby" Cavanaugh, of Madison Heights, Michigan, was beaten to death on Christmas Eve after he tried to save a dog who was being abused by a neighbor and alleged repeated felon, witnesses said.
Natural gas may move through a pipeline system typically at speeds of up to 25 mph (11.2 m/s), depending on pressures and pipeline diameters. For a pipeline system operating at a nominal pressure of 1000 psi (such as the UK National Transmission System ) compressor stations compress the gas from about 48 bar (700 psi) to 65 bar (950 psi).