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AERD affects an estimated 0.3–0.9% of the general population in the US, including around 7% of all asthmatics, about 14% of adults with severe asthma, and ~5-10% of patients with adult onset asthma. [2] [3] [8] AERD is uncommon among children, with around 6% of patients, predominantly female, reporting disease onset during childhood. [9]
However, in asthma, the airflow limitation usually completely resolves after exacerbations, whereas in COPD it may not. [1] ACO presents with a chronic airflow limitation or obstruction (due to inflammation), with characteristics of both asthma and COPD. Inflammation of the large and medium airways (classically seen with asthma) is seen in ACO. [1]
Its use may result in undertreatment, as treatments for asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or pneumonia may not be prescribed under a label of reactive airway disease. [1] Alternatively, overtreatment may occur, as patients can be prescribed inhaled beta-agonists or inhaled corticosteroids , which are medications used for asthma.
490 Bronchitis, not specified as acute or chronic; 491 Chronic bronchitis; 492 Emphysema. 492.0 Emphysematous bleb; 492.8 Other emphysema; 493 Asthma. 493.0 Extrinsic asthma; 493.1 Intrinsic asthma; 493.2 Chronic obstructive asthma; 494 Bronchiectasis; 495 Extrinsic allergic alveolitis; 496 Chronic airway obstruction, not elsewhere classified ...
Due to their fast onset of action, they have been selected as first-line therapy for quick relief in persistent and intermittent asthma and bronchospasm. [6] Patients may experience dizziness, heart palpitations, hyperglycemia, diarrhea and muscle cramps when taking these medications.
The goal of asthmatic agents is to reduce asthma exacerbation frequencies and related hospital visits. Anti-asthmatic agents as rescue medications for acute asthma attacks include short-acting β 2 -adrenergic receptor agonists (SABA), short-acting muscarinic antagonists (SAMA), systemic glucocorticoids , and magnesium sulfate .
Asthma phenotyping and endotyping has emerged as a novel approach to asthma classification inspired by precision medicine which separates the clinical presentations of asthma, or asthma phenotypes, from their underlying causes, or asthma endotypes. The best-supported endotypic distinction is the type 2-high/type 2-low distinction.
Asthma is a common condition and affects over 300 million people around the world. [3] Asthma causes recurring episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing, particularly at night or in the early morning. [4] Exercise-induced asthma is common in asthmatics, especially after participation in outdoor activities in cold weather.