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Ecological units refer to specific levels or degrees of organization within ecological systems. The units that are most commonly used and discussed within ecological systems are those at the levels of individuals, populations , communities , and ecosystems . [ 1 ]
The higher levels of this scheme are often referred to as an ecological organisation concept, or as the field, hierarchical ecology. Each level in the hierarchy represents an increase in organisational complexity , with each "object" being primarily composed of the previous level's basic unit. [ 2 ]
Hierarchy theory is a means of studying ecological systems in which the relationship between all of the components is of great complexity. Hierarchy theory focuses on levels of organization and issues of scale, with a specific focus on the role of the observer in the definition of the system. [1]
Biogeoclimatic ecosystem classification (BEC) [1] [2] is an ecological classification framework used in British Columbia to define, describe, and map ecosystem-based units at various scales, from broad, ecologically-based climatic regions down to local ecosystems or sites.
Ecological classification or ecological typology is the classification of land or water into geographical units that represent variation in one or more ecological features. . Traditional approaches focus on geology, topography, biogeography, soils, vegetation, climate conditions, living species, habitats, water resources, and sometimes also anthropic factors.
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An ecosystem (or ecological system) is a system formed by organisms in interaction with their environment. [ 2 ] : 458 The biotic and abiotic components are linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows.
Ecology can also be classified on the basis of: . the primary kinds of organism under study, e.g. animal ecology, plant ecology, insect ecology; the biomes principally studied, e.g. forest ecology, grassland ecology, desert ecology, benthic ecology, marine ecology, urban ecology;