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Ductile iron pipe. Section of DICL pipe (ductile iron concrete lined), commonly used for utility water mains, showing iron casing, concrete lining, and textured polymer protective coatings on the inner and outer surfaces. Ductile iron pipe is pipe made of ductile cast iron commonly used for potable water transmission and distribution. [1]
Steels. Ductile iron, also known as ductile cast iron, nodular cast iron, spheroidal graphite iron, spheroidal graphite cast iron[1] and SG iron, is a type of graphite -rich cast iron discovered in 1943 by Keith Millis. [2] While most varieties of cast iron are weak in tension and brittle, ductile iron has much more impact and fatigue ...
Cast iron pipe is pipe made predominantly from gray cast iron. It was historically used as a pressure pipe for transmission of water, gas and sewage, and as a water drainage pipe during the 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. In many modern applications, cast iron pipe has been replaced by ductile iron pipe, but this newer product is still ...
Pipe (fluid conveyance) Drain pipe of the Louvre. A pipe is a tubular section or hollow cylinder, usually but not necessarily of circular cross-section, used mainly to convey substances which can flow — liquids and gases (fluids), slurries, powders and masses of small solids. It can also be used for structural applications; hollow pipe is far ...
Hazen–Williams equation. The Hazen–Williams equation is an empirical relationship which relates the flow of water in a pipe with the physical properties of the pipe and the pressure drop caused by friction. It is used in the design of water pipe systems [1] such as fire sprinkler systems, [2] water supply networks, and irrigation systems.
Cast iron is a class of iron – carbon alloys with a carbon content of more than 2% and silicon content around 1–3%. [1] Its usefulness derives from its relatively low melting temperature. The alloying elements determine the form in which its carbon appears: white cast iron has its carbon combined into an iron carbide named cementite, which ...
Cement-mortar lined ductile iron pipe is a ductile iron pipe with cement lining on the inside surface, and is commonly used for water distribution. Cement-mortar lined ductile iron pipe is governed by standards set forth by DIPRA (Ductile Iron Pipe Research Association), and was first used in 1922 in Charleston, South Carolina .
Tempering (metallurgy) Differentially tempered steel. The various colors produced indicate the temperature the steel was heated to. Light straw indicates 204 °C (399 °F) and light blue indicates 337 °C (639 °F). [1][2] Tempering is a process of heat treating, which is used to increase the toughness of iron -based alloys.