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The 9×19mm Parabellum (also known as 9mm Luger, 9mm NATO or simply 9mm) is a rimless, centerfire, tapered firearms cartridge. Originally designed by Austrian firearm designer Georg Luger in 1901, [ 6 ] it is widely considered the most popular handgun and submachine gun cartridge due to its low cost, adequate stopping power and extensive ...
9mm Major. 9mm Major, also known as 9 Major, ammunition is loaded much hotter than typical 9mm rounds, exceeding 1,550 ft/s (470 m/s) to achieve a power factor of 165. This classification benefits competition shooters maximum magazine scoring. However, it is not readily available and dangerous to use in pistols not designed for such high pressure.
Ballistics by the Inch (often called BBTI) was a project to test the performance characteristics of a variety of common handgun calibers/cartridges. The initial testing was done in 2008 and tested the velocity of 13 common handgun cartridges as it related to firearm barrel length. In 2009 an additional three calibers were tested and in 2010 and ...
Speer Gold Dot 124gr 9mm+P in SIG P226 magazines. Overpressure ammunition, commonly designated as +P or +P+ (pronounced Plus-P or Plus-P-Plus), is small arms ammunition that has been loaded to produce a higher internal pressure when fired than is standard for ammunition of its caliber (see internal ballistics), but less than the pressures generated by a proof round.
Terminal ballistics. Terminal ballistics is a sub-field of ballistics concerned with the behavior and effects of a projectile when it hits and transfers its energy to a target. Bullet design (as well as the velocity of impact) largely determines the effectiveness of penetration. [1]
Internal ballistics (also interior ballistics), a subfield of ballistics, is the study of the propulsion of a projectile. In guns, internal ballistics covers the time from the propellant 's ignition until the projectile exits the gun barrel. [1] The study of internal ballistics is important to designers and users of firearms of all types, from ...
Let m b and v b stand for the mass and velocity of the bullet, the latter just before hitting the target, and let m t and v t stand for the mass and velocity of the target after being hit. Conservation of momentum requires m b v b = m t v t. Solving for the target's velocity gives v t = m b v b / m t = 0.016 kg × 360 m/s / 77 kg = 0.07 m/s = 0 ...
2. Cartridge case, which holds all parts together; 3. Propellant, for example, gunpowder or cordite; 4. Rim, which provides the extractor on the firearm a place to grip the casing to remove it from the chamber once fired; 5. Primer, which ignites the propellant. A cartridge, [1][2] also known as a round, is a type of pre-assembled firearm ...