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The instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR, sometimes referred to as the instant wave-free ratio or instant flow reserve) is a diagnostic tool used to assess whether a stenosis is causing a limitation of blood flow in coronary arteries with subsequent ischemia. iFR is performed during cardiac catheterisation (angiography) using invasive coronary pressure wires which are placed in the coronary ...
Coronary flow reserve is used in diagnostics and treatment of patients with conditions such as coronary artery disease and syndrome X. [7] In the treatment of these conditions, vasodilators are used to allow sufficient blood to flow past a stenosis, for example, and the measurement of CFR enables the efficacy of such interventions to be measured.
Fractional flow reserve is defined as the pressure after (distal to) a stenosis relative to the pressure before the stenosis. [2] The result is an absolute number; an FFR of 0.80 means that a given stenosis causes a 20% drop in blood pressure. In other words, FFR expresses the maximal flow down a vessel in the presence of a stenosis compared to ...
Compared with people who made or received calls for 5 minutes or less each week, those who used their phone for: 5–29 minutes had a 3% increased risk. 30–59 minutes had a 7% increased risk. 1 ...
The iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus [a] are smartphones that were designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. They are the tenth generation of the iPhone.They were announced on September 7, 2016, at the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium in San Francisco by Apple CEO Tim Cook, and were released on September 16, 2016, succeeding the iPhone 6, iPhone 6 Plus, iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus as the flagship ...
The 3-2-1 rule. There are three things you should cut out before bed in order to achieve a better night’s sleep. Breus broke down what they are and when to quit them with these simple guidelines ...
Coronary calcium buildup causes atherosclerosis, a chronic and inflammatory cardiovascular disease marked by narrowed arterial walls and thus reduced blood flow. Partial or full blockages of the ...
003878. [ edit on Wikidata] A cardiac stress test is a cardiological examination that evaluates the cardiovascular system's response to external stress within a controlled clinical setting. This stress response can be induced through physical exercise (usually a treadmill) or intravenous pharmacological stimulation of heart rate. [ 1 ]