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Hyperchloremia. Hyperchloremia is an electrolyte disturbance in which there is an elevated level of chloride ions in the blood. [1] The normal serum range for chloride is 96 to 106 mEq/L, [2] therefore chloride levels at or above 110 mEq/L usually indicate kidney dysfunction as it is a regulator of chloride concentration. [3]
Chloride is an anion in the human body needed for metabolism (the process of turning food into energy). [1] It also helps keep the body's acid-base balance. The amount of serum chloride is carefully controlled by the kidneys. [2] Chloride ions have important physiological roles. For instance, in the central nervous system, the inhibitory action ...
The levels of chloride in the blood can help determine if there are underlying metabolic disorders. [14] Generally, chloride has an inverse relationship with bicarbonate, an electrolyte that indicates acid-base status. [14] Overall, treatment of chloride imbalances involve addressing the underlying cause rather than supplementing or avoiding ...
Generally, metabolic acidosis occurs when the body produces too much acid (e.g., lactic acidosis, see below section), there is a loss of bicarbonate from the blood, or when the kidneys are not removing enough acid from the body. Chronic metabolic acidosis is most often caused by a decreased capacity of the kidneys to excrete excess acids ...
The human body has evolved to balance salt intake with need through means such as the renin–angiotensin system.In humans, salt has important biological functions. Relevant to risk of cardiovascular disease, salt is highly involved with the maintenance of body fluid volume, including osmotic balance in the blood, extracellular and intracellular fluids, and resting membrane pot
A chloride ion is a structural component of some proteins; for example, it is present in the amylase enzyme. For these roles, chloride is one of the essential dietary mineral (listed by its element name chlorine). Serum chloride levels are mainly regulated by the kidneys through a variety of transporters that are present along the nephron. [18]
Diagnosis of contraction alkalosis is made by correlating laboratory data with clinical history and examination. Metabolic alkalosis in the presence of decreased effective circulatory volume, loop diuretic use, or other causes of intravascular depletion such as profound diarrhea should raise suspicion for contraction alkalosis as a likely etiology in the absence of other causes.
Chloride shift (also known as the Hamburger phenomenon or lineas phenomenon, named after Hartog Jakob Hamburger) is a process which occurs in a cardiovascular system and refers to the exchange of bicarbonate (HCO 3−) and chloride (Cl −) across the membrane of red blood cells (RBCs). [1]