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In Sub-Saharan African cultures, call and response is a pervasive pattern of democratic participation—in public gatherings in the discussion of civic affairs, in religious rituals, as well as in vocal and instrumental musical expression. Most of the call and response practices found in modern culture originated in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Call and response. Call and response is a form of interaction between a speaker and an audience in which the speaker's statements ("calls") are punctuated by responses from the listeners. [1] This form is also used in music, where it falls under the general category of antiphony.
Operation Torch (8–16 November 1942) was an Allied invasion of French North Africa during the Second World War.Torch was a compromise operation that met the British objective of securing victory in North Africa while allowing American armed forces the opportunity to begin their fight against Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy on a limited scale. [6]
[2] [3] Another distinguishing form of African music is its call-and-response style: one voice or instrument plays a short melodic phrase, and that phrase is echoed by another voice or instrument. The call-and-response nature extends to the rhythm, where one drum will play a rhythmic pattern, echoed by another drum playing the same pattern.
Unknown. The North African campaign of World War II took place in North Africa from 10 June 1940 to 13 May 1943, fought between the Allies and the Axis Powers. It included campaigns in the Libyan and Egyptian deserts (Western Desert campaign, Desert War), in Morocco and Algeria (Operation Torch), and in Tunisia (Tunisia campaign).
Maasai warriors confronting a spotted hyena, a common livestock predator, as photographed in In Wildest Africa (1907) The monotheistic Maasai worship a single deity called Enkai, Nkai, [13] or Engai. Engai has a dual nature, represented by two colours: [13] Engai Narok (Black God) is benevolent, and Engai Na-nyokie (Red God) is vengeful. [37]
The North African campaign of World War II, sometimes called the "Desert War", includes the campaigns in Egypt and Libya (often referred to as the Western Desert campaign or the "Egypt–Libya Campaign") and those campaigns in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia (usually referred to as the Tunisian campaign.
Kate Middleton 's younger sister turned 41 on Sept. 6, inspiring a look back at the key way she supported her older sibling this summer. On July 14, the Princess of Wales made her second public ...