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The speed of a chemical reaction may be defined as the change in concentration of a substance divided by the time interval during which this change is observed: rate = Δconcentration Δtime. For a reaction of the form A + B → C, the rate can be expressed in terms of the change in concentration of any of its components.
Rate Laws and Reaction Order. The relation between the rate of a reaction and the concentrations of reactants is expressed by its rate law. For example, the rate of the gas-phase decomposition of dinitrogen pentoxide \[2N_2O_5 → 4NO_2 + O_2\] has been found to be directly proportional to the concentration of \(N_2O_5\): \[\text{rate} = k [N ...
The rate of a reaction may depend on the concentration of one or more products as well as reactants. In some cases it may even be influenced by the concentration of a substance which is neither a reactant nor a product in the overall stoichiometric equation for the reaction.
Explain the form and function of a rate law. Use rate laws to calculate reaction rates. Use rate and concentration data to identify reaction orders and derive rate laws. As described in the previous module, the rate of a reaction is often affected by the concentrations of reactants.
The rate of reaction is the change in the amount of a reactant or product per unit time. Reaction rates are therefore determined by measuring the time dependence of some property that can be related to reactant or product amounts.
Determining Reaction Rates. The rate of a reaction is expressed three ways: The average rate of reaction. The instantaneous rate of reaction. The initial rate of reaction. Determining the Average Rate from Change in Concentration over a Time Period.
No matter which quantity is measured during the course of a reaction, the average rate of reaction can be calculated using the equation below. This equation is sometimes written as \(rate=\frac...