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In calculus, a function defined on a subset of the real numbers with real values is called monotonic if it is either entirely non-decreasing, or entirely non-increasing. [2] That is, as per Fig. 1, a function that increases monotonically does not exclusively have to increase, it simply must not decrease.
Without loss of generality, it can be assumed that f is a non-negative jump function defined on the compact [a, b], with discontinuities only in (a, b). Note that an open set U of ( a , b ) is canonically the disjoint union of at most countably many open intervals I m ; that allows the total length to be computed ℓ( U )= Σ ℓ( I m ).
In the case of a completely monotonic function, the function and its derivatives must be alternately non-negative and non-positive in its domain of definition which would imply that function and its derivatives are alternately monotonically increasing and monotonically decreasing functions.
If a sequence is either increasing or decreasing it is called a monotone sequence. This is a special case of the more general notion of a monotonic function. The terms nondecreasing and nonincreasing are often used in place of increasing and decreasing in order to avoid any possible confusion with strictly increasing and strictly decreasing ...
The theorem states that if you have an infinite matrix of non-negative real numbers , such that the rows are weakly increasing and each is bounded , where the bounds are summable < then, for each column, the non decreasing column sums , are bounded hence convergent, and the limit of the column sums is equal to the sum of the "limit column ...
Similarly, if the function "switches" from decreasing to increasing at the point, then it will achieve a least value at that point. If the function fails to "switch" and remains increasing or remains decreasing, then no highest or least value is achieved. One can examine a function's monotonicity without calculus.
Monotone comparative statics is a sub-field of comparative statics that focuses on the conditions under which endogenous variables undergo monotone changes (that is, either increasing or decreasing) when there is a change in the exogenous parameters.
In the most extreme case, when growth increases without bound in finite time, it is called hyperbolic growth. In between exponential and hyperbolic growth lie more classes of growth behavior, like the hyperoperations beginning at tetration , and A ( n , n ) {\displaystyle A(n,n)} , the diagonal of the Ackermann function .