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The TORRO tornado intensity scale (or T-Scale) is a scale measuring tornado intensity between T0 and T11. It was proposed by Terence Meaden of the Tornado and Storm Research Organisation (TORRO) , a meteorological organisation in the United Kingdom , as an extension of the Beaufort scale .
In the U.S., F0 and F1 (T0 through T3) tornadoes account for 80% of all tornadoes. The rate of occurrence drops off quickly with increasing strength—violent tornadoes (F4/T8 or stronger), account for less than one percent of all tornado reports. [6] Worldwide, strong tornadoes account for an even smaller percentage of total tornadoes.
The similar TORRO scale ranges from T0 for extremely weak tornadoes to T11 for the most powerful known tornadoes. [12] The International Fujita scale is also used to rate the intensity of tornadoes and other wind events based on the severity of the damage they cause. [13]
Most of Europe, on the other hand, uses the TORRO tornado intensity scale (or T-Scale), which ranks tornado intensity between T0 and T11; F4/EF4 tornadoes are approximately equivalent to T8 to T9 on the T-Scale. Tornadoes rated IF4 on the International Fujita scale are also included on this list.
F4 tornadoes were estimated to have had maximum winds between 207 mph (333 km/h) and 260 mph (420 km/h). [3] [nb 1] Most of Europe also uses the TORRO tornado intensity scale (or T-Scale), which ranks tornado intensity between T0 and T11; F4 tornadoes are approximately equivalent to T8 to T9 on the T-Scale.
This is a list of tornadoes which have been officially labeled as F4, EF4, IF4, or an equivalent rating during the 2000s decade. These scales – the Fujita scale, the Enhanced Fujita scale, the International Fujita scale, and the TORRO tornado intensity scale – attempt to estimate the intensity of a tornado by classifying the damage caused to natural features and man-made structures in the ...
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In late 2023, American meteorologist and tornado expert Thomas P. Grazulis created the Outbreak Intensity Score (OIS) as a way to rank tornado outbreaks. [1] [2] For the score, only significant tornadoes are counted: F2/EF2 tornadoes receive 2 points each, F3/EF3 tornadoes receive 5 points each, F4/EF4 tornadoes receive 10 points each, and F5/EF5 tornadoes receive 15 points each. [1]