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Gastroenteritis is usually an acute and self-limiting disease that does not require medication. [22] The preferred treatment in those with mild to moderate dehydration is oral rehydration therapy (ORT). [ 24 ]
The main symptom of gastroenteritis is diarrhea. Other symptoms may include: [citation needed] Abdominal pain or cramping; Nausea; Vomiting; Low grade fever; Because of the symptoms of vomiting and diarrhea, people who have gastroenteritis can become dehydrated quickly. It is very important to watch for signs of dehydration. [1]
Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is a type of fluid replacement used to prevent and treat dehydration, especially due to diarrhea. [1] It involves drinking water with modest amounts of sugar and salts, specifically sodium and potassium. [1]
Dehydration can occur as a result of diarrhea, vomiting, water scarcity, physical activity, and alcohol consumption. Management of dehydration (or rehydration) seeks to reverse dehydration by replenishing the lost water and electrolytes. Water and electrolytes can be given through a number of routes, including oral, intravenous, and rectal.
Related diseases of the gastrointestinal system (including gastritis, gastroenteritis, colitis, and enterocolitis) involve inflammation of the stomach and large intestine. Duodenitis , jejunitis, and ileitis are subtypes of enteritis which are localised to a specific part of the small intestine.
Among the causal agents of acute enterocolitis are: [citation needed] bacteria: Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Campylobacter etc. viruses: enteroviruses, rotaviruses, norovirus, adenoviruses; fungi: candidiasis, especially in immunosuppressed patients or who have previously received prolonged antibiotic treatment
Norovirus, also known as Norwalk virus and sometimes referred to as the winter vomiting disease, is the most common cause of gastroenteritis. [1] [6] Infection is characterized by non-bloody diarrhea, vomiting, and stomach pain.
Acute diarrhea is most commonly due to viral gastroenteritis with rotavirus, which accounts for 40% of cases in children under five. [1] In travelers, however, bacterial infections predominate. [27] Various toxins such as mushroom poisoning and drugs can also cause acute diarrhea.