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Sir James Chadwick (20 October 1891 – 24 July 1974) was an English physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1935 for his discovery of the neutron. In 1941, he wrote the final draft of the MAUD Report , which inspired the U.S. government to begin serious atom bomb research efforts.
A schematic of the nucleus of an atom indicating β − radiation, the emission of a fast electron from the nucleus (the accompanying antineutrino is omitted). In the Rutherford model for the nucleus, a red sphere was a proton with positive charge, and a blue sphere was a proton tightly bound to an electron, with no net charge.
Such a nuclear constitution was known to be inconsistent with dynamics either classical or early quantum but seemed inevitable until the neutron hypothesis by Rutherford and discovery by English physicist James Chadwick.
Lise Meitner (/ ˈ l iː z ə ˈ m aɪ t n ər / LEE-zə MYTE-nər; German: [ˈliːzə ˈmaɪtnɐ] ⓘ; born Elise Meitner, 7 November 1878 – 27 October 1968) was an Austrian-Swedish nuclear physicist who was instrumental in the discovery of nuclear fission and of protactinium.
1932 James Chadwick discovers the neutron; 1932 John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton split lithium and boron nuclei using proton bombardment; 1932 Werner Heisenberg presents the proton–neutron model of the nucleus and uses it to explain isotopes; 1933 Ernst Stueckelberg (1932), Lev Landau (1932), and Clarence Zener discover the Landau–Zener ...
Johannes Wilhelm "Hans" Geiger (/ ˈ ɡ aɪ ɡ ər /; German: [ˈɡaɪɡɐ]; 30 September 1882 – 24 September 1945) was a German physicist.He is best known as the co-inventor of the detector component of the Geiger counter and for the Geiger–Marsden experiment which discovered the atomic nucleus.
A mental model is an internal representation of external reality: that is, a way of representing reality within one's mind. Such models are hypothesized to play a major role in cognition , reasoning and decision-making .
The concept of a nuclear chain reaction was hypothesized in 1933, shortly after James Chadwick's discovery of the neutron. Only a few years later, in December 1938 nuclear fission was discovered by Otto Hahn and his assistant Fritz Strassmann. Hahn understood that a "burst" of the atomic nuclei had occurred.