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Diarrhea (American English), also spelled diarrhoea or diarrhœa (British English), is the condition of having at least three loose, liquid, or watery bowel movements in a day. [2] It often lasts for a few days and can result in dehydration due to fluid loss. [ 2 ]
Chronic diarrhea (alternate spelling: diarrhoea) of infancy, also called toddler's diarrhea, is a common condition typically affecting up to 1.7 billion children between ages 6–30 months worldwide every year, usually resolving by age 4.
Outbreaks of rotavirus A diarrhoea are common among hospitalised infants, young children attending day care centres, and elderly people in nursing homes. [75] [135] An outbreak caused by contaminated municipal water occurred in Colorado in 1981. [136] During 2005, the largest recorded epidemic of diarrhoea occurred in Nicaragua.
Infections of the lungs or urinary tract in children may also cause vomiting or diarrhea. [1] Classical diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) presents with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, but without diarrhea. [1] One study found that 17% of children with DKA were initially diagnosed as having gastroenteritis. [1]
Rectal tenesmus is a feeling of incomplete defecation. [1] It is the sensation of inability or difficulty to empty the bowel at defecation, even if the bowel contents have already been evacuated.
The infants present in the first few days of life with watery diarrhoea. This leads rapidly to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance and metabolic decompensation. Enteral feeding with a protein hydrolysate or amino acid based formulas worsen the diarrhoea and the children rapidly fail to thrive and develop protein energy malnutrition.