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Near East and Middle East are both Eurocentric terms. [3] According to National Geographic, the terms Near East and Middle East denote the same territories and are "generally accepted as comprising the countries of the Arabian Peninsula, Cyprus, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestinian territories, Syria, and Turkey". [4]
This is a list of conflicts in the Near East arranged; first, chronologically from the epipaleolithic until the end of the late modern period (c. 20,000 years Before Present – c. AD 1945); second, geographically by sub-regions (starting from east to west; then, south to north).
The term Near East was commonly used before the term Middle East was coined by the British in the early 20th century. The term Ancient Near East is commonly used by scholars for the region in antiquity. Some organisations and scholars insist on still using 'Near East' today, with some including North Africa, but definitions range widely and ...
The Seleucid Empire was a Hellenistic empire, [68] and the eastern remnant of the former Achaemenid Persian Empire following its breakup after Alexander the Great's invasion. The Seleucid Empire was centered in the near East. [69] It was a center of Hellenistic culture which maintained the Greek customs and Greek-speaking Macedonian elite. [68]
The ancient Near East was the first to practice intensive year-round agriculture and currency-mediated trade (as opposed to barter), gave the rest of the world the first writing system, invented the potter's wheel and then the vehicular and mill wheel, created the first centralized governments and law codes, served as birthplace to the first ...
The Near East — a region of Asia, now predominantly known as/named the Middle East in the English language. The contemporary terms Near East and Middle East usually denote the same territories of West Asia .
In contrast, "Far East" referred to the countries of East Asia (e.g. China, Japan, and Korea). [24] [25] With the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in 1918, "Near East" largely fell out of common use in English, while "Middle East" came to be applied to the emerging independent countries of the Islamic world.
The earliest cities in history were in the ancient Near East, an area covering roughly that of the modern Middle East: its history began in the 4th millennium BC and ended, depending on the interpretation of the term, either with the conquest by the Achaemenid Empire in the 6th century BC or with that by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC.