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In humans, the kidneys are two reddish-brown bean-shaped blood-filtering organs [1] that are a multilobar, multipapillary form of mammalian kidneys, usually without signs of external lobulation. [2] [3] They are located on the left and right in the retroperitoneal space, and in adult humans are about 12 centimetres (4 + 1 ⁄ 2 inches) in length.
The length of the adult kidney is normally 10–12 cm, and the right kidney is often slightly longer than the left kidney. The adult kidney size is variable due to the correlation with body height and age; however, normograms for pediatric kidney size are available. [1]
The typical adult human bladder will hold between 300 and 500 ml (10 and 17 fl oz) before the urge to empty occurs, but can hold considerably more. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The Latin phrase for "urinary bladder" is vesica urinaria , and the term vesical or prefix vesico- appear in connection with associated structures such as vesical veins .
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 13 November 2024. This article is about the human urinary system. For urinary systems of other vertebrates, see Urinary systems of birds, urinary systems of reptiles, and urinary systems of amphibians. Anatomical system consisting of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and the urethra Urinary system 1 ...
These animals possess an adult kidney derived from the metanephros. [24] The duct that connects the kidney to excrete urine in these animals is the ureter. [24] In placental mammals, it connects to the urinary bladder, whence urine leaves via the urethra. [25] In monotremes, urine flows from the ureters into the cloaca. [26]
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The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney. [3] This means that each separate nephron is where the main work of the kidney is performed. A nephron is made of two parts: a renal corpuscle, which is the initial filtering component, and; a renal tubule that processes and carries away the filtered fluid. [4]: 1024