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Reproductive toxicants may adversely affect sexual function, ovarian failure, fertility as well as causing developmental toxicity in the offspring. [2] [3] Lowered effective fertility related to reproductive toxicity relates to both male and female effects alike and is reflected in decreased sperm counts, semen quality and ovarian failure.
Culture of the whole ovary or ovarian fragments allows evaluation of various parameters in a controlled way and, therefore, has the potential for more complete reproductive toxicity studies. [3] A big advantage of ovarian culture is the ability to evaluate the effect of drugs on the pool of primordial follicles that make up the ovarian reserve.
Reproductive Toxicology is a peer-reviewed journal published bimonthly by Elsevier which focuses on the effects of toxic substances on the reproductive system. The journal was established in 1987 and is affiliated with the European Teratology Society. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 3.3. [1]
EPAA partners also carried out a feasibility study allowing the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to adopt its guideline on the extended one generation reproductive toxicity study. EPAA companies play a significant role with authorities in the EPAA project on the improved consistency approach for vaccines.
Extended One-Generation Reproductive Toxicity Study 451: Carcinogenicity Studies 452: Chronic Toxicity Studies 453: Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carcinogenicity Studies 455: Draft Performance-Based Test Guideline for Stably Transfected Transactivation In Vitro Assays to Detect Estrogen Receptor Agonists and Antagonists 456: H295R Steroidogenesis ...
Reproductive effects; Tumorigenic effects; Acute toxicity; Other multiple dose toxicity; Specific numeric toxicity values such as LD 50, LC 50, TDLo, and TCLo are noted as well as species studied and the route of administration used. For all data the bibliographic source is listed. The studies are not evaluated in any way.
Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism. [1] Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect on a substructure of the organism, such as a cell (cytotoxicity) or an organ such as the liver (hepatotoxicity).
In vitro toxicity testing is the scientific analysis of the toxic effects of chemical substances on cultured bacteria or mammalian cells. [1] In vitro (literally 'in glass') testing methods are employed primarily to identify potentially hazardous chemicals and/or to confirm the lack of certain toxic properties in the early stages of the development of potentially useful new substances such as ...