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  2. Hyperbola - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbola

    The general equation's coefficients can be obtained from known semi-major axis , semi-minor axis , center coordinates (,), and rotation angle (the angle from the positive horizontal axis to the hyperbola's major axis) using the formulae:

  3. Road curve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_curve

    Road curves are irregular bends in roads to bring a gradual change of direction. Similar curves are on railways and canals. Curves provided in the horizontal plane are known as horizontal curves and are generally circular or parabolic. Curves provided in the vertical plane are known as vertical curve.

  4. Geometric design of roads - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric_design_of_roads

    Circular curves are defined by radius (tightness) and deflection angle (extent). The design of a horizontal curve entails the determination of a minimum radius (based on speed limit), curve length, and objects obstructing the view of the driver. [4] Using AASHTO standards, an engineer works to design a road that is safe and comfortable.

  5. Sigmoid function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmoid_function

    Inverted logistic S-curve to model the relation between wheat yield and soil salinity. Many natural processes, such as those of complex system learning curves, exhibit a progression from small beginnings that accelerates and approaches a climax over time. When a specific mathematical model is lacking, a sigmoid function is often used.

  6. Distance from a point to a line - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance_from_a_point_to_a...

    Horizontal and vertical lines. In the general equation of a line, ax + by + c = 0, a and b cannot both be zero unless c is also zero, in which case the equation does not define a line. If a = 0 and b ≠ 0, the line is horizontal and has equation y = -c/b.

  7. Degree of curvature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degree_of_curvature

    3.1 Formula from arc length. 3.2 ... Degree of curve or degree of curvature is a measure of curvature of a ... "Horizontal circular curves are used to transition the ...

  8. Parabola - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parabola

    If the horizontal cross-section moves up or down, toward or away from the apex of the cone, D and E move along the parabola, always maintaining the relationship between x and y shown in the equation. The parabolic curve is therefore the locus of points where the equation is satisfied, which makes it a Cartesian graph of the quadratic function ...

  9. Radius of curvature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius_of_curvature

    For a curve, it equals the radius of the circular arc which best approximates the curve at that point. For surfaces, the radius of curvature is the radius of a circle that best fits a normal section or combinations thereof. [1] [2] [3]