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  2. Molecular geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_geometry

    A bond angle is the geometric angle between two adjacent bonds. Some common shapes of simple molecules include: Linear: In a linear model, atoms are connected in a straight line. The bond angles are set at 180°. For example, carbon dioxide and nitric oxide have a linear molecular shape.

  3. Seesaw molecular geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seesaw_molecular_geometry

    The seesaw geometry occurs when a molecule has a steric number of 5, with the central atom being bonded to 4 other atoms and 1 lone pair (AX 4 E 1 in AXE notation). An atom bonded to 5 other atoms (and no lone pairs) forms a trigonal bipyramid with two axial and three equatorial positions, but in the seesaw geometry one of the atoms is replaced ...

  4. Tetrahedral molecular geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrahedral_molecular_geometry

    In a tetrahedral molecular geometry, a central atom is located at the center with four substituents that are located at the corners of a tetrahedron.The bond angles are arccos(− ⁠ 1 / 3 ⁠) = 109.4712206...° ≈ 109.5° when all four substituents are the same, as in methane (CH 4) [1] [2] as well as its heavier analogues.

  5. Trigonal bipyramidal molecular geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonal_bipyramidal...

    According to the VSEPR theory of molecular geometry, an axial position is more crowded because an axial atom has three neighboring equatorial atoms (on the same central atom) at a 90° bond angle, whereas an equatorial atom has only two neighboring axial atoms at a 90° bond angle. For molecules with five identical ligands, the axial bond ...

  6. Bent molecular geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bent_molecular_geometry

    The bond angle between the two hydrogen atoms is approximately 104.45°. [1] Nonlinear geometry is commonly observed for other triatomic molecules and ions containing only main group elements, prominent examples being nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), sulfur dichloride (SCl 2 ), and methylene (CH 2 ).

  7. Chemical bonding of water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_bonding_of_water

    As such, the predicted shape and bond angle of sp 3 hybridization is tetrahedral and 109.5°. This is in open agreement with the true bond angle of 104.45°. The difference between the predicted bond angle and the measured bond angle is traditionally explained by the electron repulsion of the two lone pairs occupying two sp 3 hybridized orbitals.

  8. VSEPR theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VSEPR_theory

    Example of bent electron arrangement (water molecule). Shows location of unpaired electrons, bonded atoms, and bond angles. The bond angle for water is 104.5°. Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory (/ ˈ v ɛ s p ər, v ə ˈ s ɛ p ər / VESP-ər, [1]: 410 və-SEP-ər [2]) is a model used in chemistry to predict the geometry of ...

  9. Trigonal planar molecular geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonal_planar_molecular...

    In chemistry, trigonal planar is a molecular geometry model with one atom at the center and three atoms at the corners of an equilateral triangle, called peripheral atoms, all in one plane. [1] In an ideal trigonal planar species, all three ligands are identical and all bond angles are 120°. Such species belong to the point group D 3h.